开源免费编程工具 Python v3.12.7 Win 官方下载

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开源免费编程工具 Python v3.12.7 Win 官方下载-Dahai 论坛

Python 能做什么?Python 是一种编程语言，它使用对象，类和清晰的语法语言来帮助您创建，编辑和生成自己的应用程序。这种编程语言是为学术或商业目的而开发的许多软件应用程序的支柱，它包括一个带有预定义工具的大型库。比如我们常听说的网络爬虫，基本上都是使用 Python 编写开发的。

在技术方面，Python 是一种面向对象的高级编程语言，具有集成的动态语义，主要用于 Web 和应用程序开发。它在快速应用程序开发领域极具吸引力，因为它提供了动态类型和动态绑定选项。

Python 相对简单，因此很容易学习，因为它需要一种专注于可读性的独特语法。与其他语言相比，开发人员可以更轻松地阅读和翻译 Python 代码。反过来，这也降低了程序维护和开发的成本，因为它允许团队在没有明显语言和经验障碍的情况下协同工作。

此外，Python 支持使用模块和包，这意味着程序可以以模块化风格设计，并且代码可以在各种项目中重用。一旦您开发了您需要的模块或包，就可以对其进行扩展以用于其他项目，并且可以轻松导入或导出这些模块。

Python 最有前途的好处之一是标准库和解释器都可以免费获得，包括二进制和源代码形式。也没有排他性，因为 Python 和所有必要的工具都可以在所有主要平台上使用。因此，对于不想担心支付高昂开发成本的开发人员来说，这是一个诱人的选择。

如果您对 Python 的这种描述无法理解，请不要担心。你很快就会明白的。您需要从本节中了解到的是，Python 是一种编程语言，用于在 Web 和应用程序形式（包括移动设备）上开发软件。它相对容易学习，并且所有人都可以免费使用必要的工具。

Windows

gh-123915: Ensure that Tools\msi\buildrelease.bat uses different directories for AMD64 and ARM64 builds.

gh-117505: Fixes an issue with the Windows installer not running ensurepip in a fully isolated environment. This could cause unexpected interactions with the user site-packages.

Tests

gh-124378: Updated test_ttk to pass with Tcl/Tk 8.6.15.

Security

gh-122792: Changed IPv4-mapped ipaddress.IPv6Address to consistently use the mapped IPv4 address value for deciding properties. Properties which have their behavior fixed are is_multicast, is_reserved, is_link_local, is_global, and is_unspecified.

Library

gh-116850: Fix argparse for namespaces with not directly writable dict (e.g. classes).

gh-58573: Fix conflicts between abbreviated long options in the parent parser and subparsers in argparse.

gh-61181: Fix support of choices with string value in argparse. Substrings of the specified string no longer considered valid values.

gh-80259: Fix argparse support of positional arguments with nargs='?', default=argparse.SUPPRESS and specified type.

gh-124498: Fix typing.TypeAliasType not to be generic, when type_params is an empty tuple.

gh-124345: argparse vim supports abbreviated single-dash long options separated by = from its value.

gh-104860: Fix disallowing abbreviation of single-dash long options in argparse with allow_abbrev=False.

gh-63143: Fix parsing mutually exclusive arguments in argparse. Arguments with the value identical to the default value (e.g. booleans, small integers, empty or 1-character strings) are no longer considered “not present”.

gh-72795: Positional arguments with nargs equal to '*' or argparse.REMAINDER are no longer required. This allows to use positional argument with nargs='*' and without default in mutually exclusive group and improves error message about required arguments.

gh-59317: Fix parsing positional argument with nargs equal to '?' or '*' if it is preceded by an option and another positional argument.

gh-53780: argparse now ignores the first "--" (double dash) between an option and command.

gh-124217: Add RFC 9637 reserved IPv6 block 3fff::/20 in ipaddress module.

gh-124248: Fixed potential crash when using struct to process zero-width ‘Pascal string’ fields (0p).

gh-81691: Fix handling of multiple "--" (double dashes) in argparse. Only the first one has now been removed, all subsequent ones are now taken literally.

gh-87041: Fix a bug in argparse where lengthy subparser argument help is incorrectly indented.

gh-124171: Add workaround for broken fmod() implementations on Windows, that loose zero sign (e.g. fmod(-10, 1) returns 0.0). Patch by Sergey B Kirpichev.

gh-123934: Fix unittest.mock.MagicMock reseting magic methods return values after .reset_mock(return_value=True) was called.

gh-123935: Fix parent slots detection for dataclasses that inherit from classes with __dictoffset__.

gh-123892: Add "_wmi" to sys.stdlib_module_names. Patch by Victor Stinner.

gh-116810: Resolve a memory leak introduced in CPython 3.10’s ssl when the ssl.SSLSocket.session property was accessed. Speeds up read and write access to said property by no longer unnecessarily cloning session objects via serialization.

gh-121735: When working with zip archives, importlib.resources now properly honors module-adjacent references (e.g. files(pkg.mod) and not just files(pkg)).

gh-119004: Fix a crash in OrderedDict.__eq__ when operands are mutated during the check. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.

bpo-44864: Do not translate user-provided strings in argparse.ArgumentParser.

IDLE

gh-112938: Fix uninteruptable hang when Shell gets rapid continuous output.

Core and Builtins

gh-116510: Fix a bug that can cause a crash when sub-interpreters use “basic” single-phase extension modules. Shared objects could refer to PyGC_Head nodes that had been freed as part of interpreter cleanup.

gh-124188: Fix reading and decoding a line from the source file witn non-UTF-8 encoding for syntax errors raised in the compiler.

gh-77894: Fix possible crash in the garbage collector when it tries to break a reference loop containing a memoryview object. Now a memoryview object can only be cleared if there are no buffers that refer it.

gh-98442: Fix too wide source locations of the cleanup instructions of a with statement.

gh-113993: Strings interned with sys.intern() are again garbage-collected when no longer used, as per the documentation. Strings interned with the C function PyUnicode_InternInPlace() are still immortal. Internals of the string interning mechanism have been changed. This may affect performance and identities of str objects.

C API

gh-113993: PyUnicode_InternInPlace() no longer prevents its argument from being garbage collected.

Several functions that take char * are now documented as possibly preventing string objects from being garbage collected; refer to their documentation for details: PyUnicode_InternFromString(), PyDict_SetItemString(), PyObject_SetAttrString(), PyObject_DelAttrString(), PyUnicode_InternFromString(), and PyModule_Add* convenience functions.

Build

gh-124487: Windows builds now use Windows 8.1 as their API baseline (installation already required Windows 8.1).

gh-123917: Fix the check for the crypt() function in the configure script. Patch by Paul Smith and Victor Stinner.

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